In quantitative testing, what is the role of calibration and controls?

• A. They are optional in most tests.
• B. They only apply to qualitative tests.
• C. They ensure numeric accuracy and validity of results.
• D. They slow down sample throughput.

Answer: (C)

Calibration and controls provide the check-and-balance system for quantitative measurements. Calibration establishes the relationship between instrument signals and known concentrations using standards, so you can translate raw readouts into true numerical values. Controls—samples with known values run alongside patient specimens—monitor that the assay is performing correctly on that day and across runs, catching drift, reagent issues, or instrument problems. Together they guarantee numeric accuracy and the validity of results, which is why they’re a standard part of quantitative testing. They are not optional, and they apply to quantitative tests; the idea that they only apply to qualitative tests or that they slow results is incorrect.